Tuesday, 27 March 2012

Houston 'Drowned In Bath After Taking Cocaine'

Heart conditions can be exacerbated by cocaine use. Investigators who arrived on the scene found no traces of cocaine or any other illegal drug. Other drugs were found in her system, but which did not contribute to her death, the coroner's office said.

Grammy-winning pop legend Whitney Houston died from accidental drowning in her hotel bathtub after taking cocaine which could have triggered a heart attack, coroners said.

Houston, who died at age 48 in the bathtub of a Beverly Hills hotel room last month, likely had some kind of heart attack which caused her to slip under the water, said the Los Angeles County Coroner's office, on Thursday.

"You have a heart condition exacerbated by cocaine use which, combined, resulted in her drowning," spokesman Craig Harvey told AFP, adding: "We feel that there was a heart event, complicated by cocaine use," before she drowned.

NEWS: The Lifespan of a Voice

Ed Winter, deputy chief of coroner investigations, was more explicit when asked by the LA Times to explain the drowning. "She may have had a heart attack," he told the newspaper.

She had cocaine in her body when she died, said a coroner's office statement, which described her death as an "accident," and the cause as "drowning" and "effects of atherosclerotic heart disease and cocaine use."

"How injury occurred: found submerged in bathtub filled with water; cocaine intake," it said, adding: "No trauma or foul play is suspected," and that a final coroner's report will be available for release within two weeks.

Houston was found dead on February 11, a day before the music industry's biggest awards show, and hours ahead of a glittering pre-Grammy party in the Beverly Hilton hotel where she died.

Speculation had raged since her death that the singer may have succumbed to a lethal cocktail of prescription drugs and alcohol.

Indeed, other drugs were found in her system, but which did not contribute to her death, the coroner's office said. They included marijuana, alprazolam (Xanax), cyclobenzaprine (Flexiril) and Diphenhydramine (Benadryl).

NEWS: Whitney Houston: Pop Legend Dead at 49

The TMZ celebrity news website quoted a coroner's office official as saying Houston used cocaine "immediately prior to her collapse" -- but investigators who arrived on the scene found no traces of cocaine or any other illegal drug.

That was because "an individual" removed all traces of cocaine from the room before authorities arrived, it said, adding that the person was the same one who supplied the drug to Houston.

The coroner's office spokesman said chronic use of cocaine was likely a key factor in Houston's death.

"Chances are, had she not had the pre-existing heart disease and cocaine use she may not have drowned," he said. "The cocaine causes the heart to beat faster, the arteries to constrict, which could... set you up for a cardiac event."

Houston's shock death cast a pall over the annual gathering at the Staples Center in Los Angeles, with several tributes to the singer -- and a public prayer -- added to the show at the last minute.

NEWS: How Mixing Xanax and Alcohol Can Be Deadly

The singer of hits including "I Will Always Love You" sold over 170 million records during a nearly three-decade career, but fought a long battle against substance abuse while trying to keep her performing talent alive.

Houston was buried a week after her death in New Jersey after an emotional farewell ceremony in the Newark baptist church where she sang as a child, which was watched worldwide.

Earlier this month it emerged that Houston had left all of her assets to her daughter Bobbi Kristina, born from her troubled marriage to singer Bobby Brown, who gets nothing.

Bobbi Kristina, who is currently 19, will inherit the proceeds from all of the late singer's money, furniture, clothing, personal effects, jewelry, and cars, according to the will published on March 7.

A few days later Bobbi Kristina said she plans to follow her mother into show business, while the drug-troubled star's sister-in-law admitted her untimely death could have been predicted.

The late star's sister-in-law, Patricia Houston, said it had been possible to forecast that drugs would claim the singer's life. "The handwriting was kind of on the wall. I would be kidding myself to say otherwise."


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Europe's Huge Robotic Space Station Cargo Ship Launches

ATV-3 launched from the European Space Agency's spaceport in Kourou, French Guiana. The cargo ship is loaded with 7.2 tons of food, water, clothing, experiments and fuel for the space station. ATV-3 is nicknamed "Edoardo Amaldi" after Italian spaceflight pioneer who helped create ESA.

A huge robot European cargo ship launched to the International Space Station today (March 23), lighting up the night sky over the northeast coast of South America to begin a five-day journey to deliver key supplies to the orbiting outpost.

The European Space Agency's third Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV-3) lifted off at 12:34 a.m. EDT (0434 GMT) atop an Ariane 5 rocket from Europe's spaceport in Kourou, French Guiana. After a brief light show, the rocket slipped through a cloud layer and soared into orbit.

The 13-ton cargo freighter is loaded with about 7.2 tons of supplies, including food, water, clothing, experiments and fuel for the space station, according to NASA. The unmanned ATV-3 is the heaviest load of cargo ever delivered to the station by a robotic spacecraft, ESA officials said in a statement.

BIG PIC: ATV Johannes Kepler Docked to the Space Station

The vehicle is scheduled to arrive at the space station on March 28 at 6:34 p.m. EDT (2234 GMT).

"This is just the start of a very long journey which will take the Edoardo Amaldi into space for about five months," ESA Director-General Jean-Jacques Dordain said after the successful launch. "It's a good start; a very good start."

The ATV-3 is nicknamed "Edoardo Amaldi" after the famed Italian physicist and spaceflight pioneer who is credited with helping to create the European Space Agency. Amaldi is also one of the founding fathers of CERN, the particle physics laboratory along the Swiss-French border that houses the Large Hadron Collider.

The cylindrical spacecraft is 35 feet (10.7 meters) long and 14.7 feet (4.5 meters) wide. Europe's disposable ATVs are designed to automatically dock to the Zvezda module on the Russian portion of the International Space Station.

NEWS: European 'Space Truck' Burns Up Over Pacific Ocean

The cargo ships then remain attached to the complex for up to six months before they are packed with garbage and deliberately sent to burn up during atmospheric re-entry.

The European ATVs are part of an international fleet of disposable robot cargo ships that are used to transport hardware and critical supplies to the space station. Russia's unmanned Progress ships and Japan's H-2 Transfer Vehicles (HTVs) also regularly ferry cargo to the orbiting outpost.

ESA routinely names the ATV vehicles after historical figures that were influential to astronomy or space exploration. The agency's first ATV, named Jules Verne, made its maiden voyage to the space station in 2008. The ATV-2, dubbed Johannes Kepler, launched in 2011.

The next two planned ATVs, named ATV-4 Albert Einstein and ATV-5 Georges LemaƮtre, are scheduled to launch to the International Space Station in 2013 and 2014, respectively.

NEWS: Europe's Shiny New Vega Rocket Blasts Off

The ATV spacecraft are not the only vehicles launched into orbit by Arianespace out of the European spaceport in French Guiana. Earlier this year, ESA's first Vega rocket, which is smaller than the Ariane 5 and is built to loft small satellites, blasted off from the space center. Last year, Arianespace also began launching Russian-built Soyuz rockets on unmanned missions from the South American site.

"We are now a significant space power," Dordain said. "I can say that."

Copyright 2012 SPACE.com, a TechMediaNetwork company. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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Gravitational Lensing: Mother Nature's Telescope

I've owned a telescope of some variety for nearly twenty years. They've varied from small shop-bought ones to large home-made 'attempts.'

They have enabled me to see some incredible sights; from the beautiful rings of Saturn to the moons of Jupiter; from distant star clusters to an asteroid as it passed harmlessly through the Earth-moon system.

The largest telescope I've owned had a mirror 35.5 cm (14 inches) across, which is dwarfed by the largest telescopes on Earth measuring several meters across.

But that's nothing compared to the telescopes made and operated by Mother Nature that measure light-years across and allow us to probe the darkest depths of the Cosmos and the very nature of space and time.

ANALYSIS: Hunting Black Holes Through a Gravitational Lens

Lets put this all into perspective. The telescopes that we use here on Earth are manmade instruments and have varying designs from the simple refractor composed of lenses to the more common reflector built mainly from mirrors.

The thing that all telescopes have in common are that they have something to collect light -- either a lens or mirror -- that brings incoming parallel beams of starlight to a point of focus for study. Having a bigger telescope essentially means you can collect more light and see fainter objects. You can also see a finer level of detail than a smaller telescope.

Our ground-based telescopes have given us great views of the Cosmos and the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) has revolutionized our understanding of astronomy. But even the HST, orbiting high above our turbulent atmosphere, has its limitations. It seems Mother Nature, like so many other things, is way ahead of us by building great beasts of telescopes in deep space -- we just need to find them! I am referring to gravitational lenses.

As their name suggests, a gravitational lens is a lens created as a consequence of the force of gravity and their existence was predicted by Einstein in his famous theory of general relativity.

To understand how gravitational lenses work, it's necessary to delve into the very fabric of space (which is fiercely intertwined with time but for the purpose of this article, lets forget about the "time" in "spacetime").

ANALYSIS: Mapping Dark Matter with a Cosmic Lens

Firstly, imagine space as an unending sheet of rubber with balls rolling around on the sheet. The balls (of various sizes) represent the galaxies and the rubber sheet represents the "fabric of space." Placing the balls on the sheet will cause deformation and dents will form as the balls' mass exert a downward pressure. The greater the mass, the deeper the dent.

Now, imagine getting some smaller ball bearings and rolling them past the 'galaxy' balls -- their paths will be bent by the deformations in the sheet. In this model, the smaller ball bearings represent photons of light and the dents in the sheet are the force of gravity bending (or warping) space.

You can quickly see that the paths of the photons (ball bearings) have bent from their initial direction and it's this process that is known as gravitational lensing.

In real terms, the photons of light will have come from a more distant galaxy along the same line of sight as the intervening 'lensing' galaxy which bends the light granting us a new view on the Universe behind. These "lensing events" manifest themselves in the sky in a number of ways dependent on the size and matter distribution of the 'lensing galaxy' and the exact alignment of the three objects, including Earth as our focal point.

If the alignment is perfect, we will see a circular, magnified image of the distant object surrounding the intervening galaxy (as pictured top) or we may see a series of arcs or multiple miniature lensed versions of the galaxy behind. Lensing provides us with a natural means to see objects way beyond the capability of our most advanced space telescopes.

ANALYSIS: Using The Sun as a Magnifying Glass

Gravitational lenses are great for helping us study distant objects that might otherwise be out of view, but they are also very useful for helping us measure the mass of the intervening galaxy or galactic cluster.

This was demonstrated beautifully recently when a team of astronomers led by Frederic Courbin of the Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL) in Switzerland used HST observations to study distant quasars that were acting as lensing galaxies. Quasars are found in distant galaxies powered by massive black holes but because of their intense brightness, their host galaxies are often hidden in the quasars' glare.

This situation would normally dictate that we'd be unable to study the host galaxy and determine its mass, but by studying a lensing event we can measure the amount of distortion from the lensed image and determine the mass of the intervening object -- the galaxy.

One of the things that attracted me to astronomy is the way that the Universe has the ability to constantly surprise. From the discoveries of complex chemicals on comets to finding water on the moon; from stars made of diamonds to planets orbiting distant suns, it all astounds me.

These may be incredible discoveries, but finding telescopes carved out of the fabric of space itself, aiding astronomers to see deep into the Cosmos? Well... I'll be darned.


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Global Gnome Weighs in on Earth's Weird Gravity

The precision scale company Kern & Sohn is teaming up with schools and research stations worldwide to highlight the variations of Earth's gravity. At the South Pole, Kern weighed 309.82 grams -- his heaviest measurement yet.

There aren't too many gardens at the South Pole. But there are, apparently, garden gnomes.

A globe-trotting little garden gnome dubbed "Kern" recently visited Amundsen-Scott Research Station at the geographic South Pole in Antarctica. The inanimate traveler's trip was a take on the "Traveling Gnome Prank," a joke that's been in vogue since the 1980s, when pranksters started stealing garden gnomes and sending photographs of the statuettes in front of famous sightseeing spots to their owners.

BIG PIC: 'Potato' Earth Shows How Gravity Takes Shape

Kern's travels have a scientific bent, however. The precision scale company Kern & Sohn is teaming up with schools and research stations worldwide to highlight the variations of gravity across the globe. 

"Most people don't realize Earth's gravity actually varies slightly," Tommy Fimpel, one of the experiment's coordinators, explained in a statement. "One of the main causes is variations in the shape of the planet. Believe it or not, the Earth is actually slightly potato-shaped, so you'll weigh up to 0.5 percent more or less, depending on where you go."

Even glaciers can change an area's gravity; a mysterious dip in gravity over Canada is likely the result of now-melted glaciers that left behind an imprint from which Earth is still rebounding.

"We thought our Gnome Experiment would be a fun way to measure the phenomenon," Fimpel said.

So far, Kern has traveled, via the mail, to places as far-flung as Lima, Mumbai, Mexico, South Africa, San Francisco, New Caledonia, Sydney and the South Pole. (Photos of Globe-Trotting Gnome)

PHOTOS: Extreme Engineering in Antarctica

At the South Pole, where Kern landed last month, the gnome tipped the scale at 309.82 grams, his heaviest measurement yet. That's because the inertia produced by Earth's rotation is stronger at the poles, said Marie McLane, a researcher with the United States Antarctic program and Kern's "host" on the visit to Antarctica. Earth is also slightly squished in shape, with a bulge at the equator, so the planet is less thick at the poles, also contributing to a stronger gravitational effect.

Kern jetted off to Japan after hitting Antarctica, weighing in at 307.9 grams in Tokyo. His next stop is at Snolab in Canada, an underground research station 1.2 miles (2 kilometers) below the Earth's surface. From there, Kern will visit the Large Hadron Collider, the world's largest particle accelerator, at CERN near Geneva.

Kern's journey to Antarctica didn't only highlight the gravitational vagaries of Earth; it also shed light on the planet's elusive garden gnome population. The gnome's visit inspired McLane to do some detective work around the Amundsen-Scott Research Station. She found five little gnomes already lurking in labs and other spots around the station — including one, fittingly enough, guarding a greenhouse.

Kern's progress can be tracked at gnomeexperiment.com.

ANALYSIS: Alien Invaders Hitchhiking to Antarctica

More from LiveScience:


Copyright 2012 LiveScience, a TechMediaNetwork company. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.

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Don't Just Play The Drums Dude, Ride Them

Boingy

Last night I caught The Mynabirds and it was easily one of the best shows I've recently seen. While the lead singer is a phenomenal front woman of the fetching variety, I went out of my way to make sure I gave a big hug to the heart and soul of the band: the drummer.

BLOG: Flying Robot Swarm Performs James Bone Theme

Let's face it, drummers need more hugs. Night in, night out, they deal with the age-old identity crisis of taking a back seat to the rest of band. There's a reason why Charlie Watts looks so stoic and uninterested while he's drumming. No one's watching him. That's because all eye's are on that strutting rooster-peacock, Mick Jagger. If he's not enough eye candy, there's always the shambling, immortal junkie Keith Richards swinging his Telecaster like a medieval weapon at some idiot who rushed the stage.

However, with this next invention, drummers are about to sproing to the top of stage, front and center. Canadian inventor Charlie Rose has out done himself with his Boingy Boingy, a rideable drum set suspended in mid-air by heavy-duty car springs.

It's basically a drum set crossbred with a mechanical bull. What's birthed not only looks like one of those rides kids beg their parents for a quarter for outside of supermarkets, it also looks like the most fun you could ever have sitting down.

Saddle up on a the 40-gallon oil drum, get out your sticks and start pounding out some wicked beats.

Rose, a log home builder by trade, gigging drummer by night, first envisioned making drumming more dynamic in 2000. But after two failed attempts to bring his bouncing drum set prototypes to fruition, he sought the help of a clan of custom motorcycle builders.

BLOG: Homeless People Are Wi-Fi Hotspots At SXSW

In what could be the sweetest business transaction I've ever heard of, Rose said the bikers helped build the Boingy Boingy for "4,000 dollars in beer and pizza, and an El Camino."

Want a Boingy Boingy of your own? Sure you do. Well, good news. Rose will make you one for $4,000. If you're still on the fence about whether you need one, take a look at this video. I mean, how great is life if you're playing drums while bouncing on a saddle-equipped oil drum in the bed of a pick-up truck? It really doesn't get any better than this.

 [Via Gizmag]

Credit: CBC/Dragon's Den



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Mysterious Boom in Wisconsin Identified

Noise-zoom

Updated March 23: The U.S. Geological Survey has reported that the mysterious booms that shook the town of Clintonville, Wis., were the result of a 1.5-magnitude earthquake. Although not a huge event, the earthquake caused a swarm of several small quakes in a short time. Paul Caruso, a geophysicist from the USGS, told the local Fox News affiliate that most people wouldn't normally feel a 1.5-magnitude earthquake, but that the rock in Wisconsin is very old and well consolidated, allowing residents to feel otherwise sensitive rumblings. via Fox11

From March 22: The small town of Clintonville, Wis., could hardly be called a boom town -- until recently.

On the evening of Sunday, March 18, five loud, mysterious booms thundered through the town at approximately two-hour intervals starting at around 8 p.m. They occurred again the following night, and, much to the sleepless residents' relief, finally stopped Tuesday night. The town thought it was over, but then it started again Wednesday night.

NEWS: Noise Pollution Affects Plants, Too

Police, after receiving nearly 100 concerned calls about the sounds, investigated and found nothing. There were no known gas or sewer explosions, no landslides. It was not a military exercise, nor a mining explosion. Some think it might be related to sonic booms, groundwater or earth settling -- though no earthquakes have been recorded.

Some thought it might be a clandestine meth house exploding -- at least the first time, probably not over and over again. Others suspected pranksters with powerful fireworks or dynamite.

Authorities have assured the town that they will continue to search for the source of the booms, though residents are frustrated at the lack of progress. In theory, it should not be difficult for well-equipped technicians to locate the source of a loud boom. After all, you just listen for the sound and go in the direction you hear it, right?

Investigating Sounds

Not so fast. We know from physics that sound travels in waves, and identifying the source of a sound can be very difficult in urban areas where concrete, glass and buildings can reflect, change and amplify sound waves.

Those nearest the sound will, in theory, hear it the loudest. However there are confounding factors; for example people farther away may hear it more loudly than people living closer but who have large buildings in between them and the source of the sound that dampen the volume.

Furthermore, without some objective measure of how loud the sound is, witnesses may have difficulty describing variation in volume: Was it "loud" or "really loud?" (To most people awakened in their beds very early in the morning by the boom, the most likely response would be an annoyed "too damn loud.")

The first step to locating the source of the sounds would be to place a dozen or more carefully calibrated audio recorders on a grid system throughout (and surrounding) the town. The next time a mysterious boom is recorded, scientists can collect data from all the recorders, determine which microphones recorded the highest volume, and triangulate the location from that information.

NEWS: Background Noise Hurts Test Scores

It won't conclusively identify the sounds, but will (literally) point them in the right direction.

Even as far as mysterious sounds go, the Clintonville booms are unusual. The vast majority of unexplained sounds are faint, ambiguous and transitory. For example there's the Taos Hum, a low-frequency rumble that has been heard by some residents in Taos, N.M. since the early 1990s. Not everyone hears it, but those who do variously describe it as sounding like a running refrigerator or a buzzing bee.

In some cases, videos of supposed "mystery noises" have been revealed as hoaxes.

The mystery continues, but for Clintonville residents the answer can't come soon enough.

Photo: iStockPhoto



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World's Most Powerful Laser Fires Most Powerful Blast

The world's largest laser was turned on for a fraction of a second. It unleashed the most powerful laser blast in history.

The largest laser in the world was turned on for a fraction of a second last week -- and it unleashed the most powerful laser blast in history.

The National Ignition Facility (NIF) -- a laser test facility at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in Livermore, Calif. -- turned on its 192 laser beams for a brief instant on March 15, unleashing a record-setting 1.875-megajoule blast into a target chamber.

ANALYSIS: Black-Light Bubbles Will Blow Your Mind

The lasers were combined, gathered and focused through a series of lens into a 2.03-megajoule shot, said Ed Moses, NIF director -- a record for the facility.

That pulse of energy lasted for just 23 billionths of a second, yet it generated 411 trillion watts of power, NIF said -- 1,000 times more than the entire United States consumes at any given instant.

“It’s a remarkable demonstration of the laser from the standpoint of its energy, its precision, its power, and its availability,” Moses told Nature magazine.

But it’s barely half the battle. NIF hopes to dramatically increase the power of the laser shots by the end of year, intending to ultimately use the facility to harness the energy reaction that occurs naturally within the sun: fusion.

“This event marks a key milestone in the National Ignition Campaign’s drive toward fusion ignition,” Moses said.

In fission, atoms are split and the massive energy released is captured. The NIF aims for fusion, the ongoing energy process in the sun and other stars where hydrogen and helium nuclei are continually fusing and releasing enormous amounts of energy. In the ignition facility, beams of light converge on pellets of hydrogen isotopes to create a similar, though controlled, micro-explosion.

As the beams move through a series of amplifiers, their energy increases exponentially. From beginning to end, the beams' total energy grows from one-billionth of a joule to a potential high of four million joules, NIF said -- a factor of more than a quadrillion.

And it all happens in about five millionths of a second.

Because the laser is on for the merest fraction of a second, it costs little to operate -- between $5 and $20 per blast, said spokeswoman Lynda Seaver. But the potential is enormous.

NIF’s managers hope by the end of the year to reach a break-even point, where the energy released is equal to if not greater than the energy that went into the blast.

NEWS: Are These Satellite Images Exposing America's Secrets?

“We have all the capability to make it happen in fiscal year 2012,” Moses told Nature.

Experts aren't so sure, citing challenges that NIF and other types of fusion have had in the past.

Glen Wurden, a plasma physicist at Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico, told Nature scientists should be wary of putting all their eggs in the laser basket.

“It’s premature right now,” he told the magazine, citing the troubles that have plagued a competing approach to fusion and its flagship project in France.

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February Big Bang Episodes

Big Bang Theory Season 4 DVDThe last few weeks have had some hilarious episodes of CBS' The Big Bang Theory. They haven't all necessarily had a strong physics focus, but sometimes you can still have good television even without physics. (Amazing, I know, but it seems to be true!)

Here are the reviews of the episodes ... which contain links (where appropriate) to the related science:


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February 2012 Physics Books

Cover of How to Teach Relativity to Your Dog by Chad OrzelFebruary's physics books seem to be loaded toward the end of the month for some strange reason, so there's still plenty of time to preorder. Of particular interest to the average reader are probably Neil deGrasse Tyson's Space Chronicles and Chad Orzel's How to Teach Relativity to Your Dog, although space enthusiasts may well find multiple tempting prospects in the full?list of February 2012 physics books.

Once you've read them, be sure to come back here and let us know what you think ... or let me know if I've missed any!


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Mercury Not Too Hot For Polar Water Ice?

Mercury-ice

Mercury is the closest planet to the sun; it must therefore be the least likely place to find a reservoir of water ice.

However, according to observations made by the Mercury Dual Imaging System (MDIS) aboard NASA's MESSENGER spacecraft and radio telescope data from the 1990s, a supply of water may be held inside Mercury's shady craters in the planet's polar regions.

NEWS: Mystery Rising Within Mercury

MESSENGER (short for MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging) has been in Mercury orbit for a year and it is giving us an unprecedented view of the tiny, barren world.

On Wednesday, during the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference in Houston, the MESSENGER science team announced the weird discovery that the planet's surface is being shaped by a mystery mechanism not related to asteroid impacts or volcanism. In short, Mercury is swelling. The planet's core is also more massive than previously believed.

On Thursday, scientists also announced the possibility that water ice may exist on Mercury's surface. However, this potential discovery comes with some conditions.

"Bright patches" had been detected on Mercury in the past -- namely by radar observations by the Arecibo radio telescope -- but there was little supporting evidence to suggest these highly radar-reflective regions could be proof of water ice.

But with MESSENGER's help, a comprehensive global map is being constructed. By using the spacecraft's high-resolution imagery of Mercury's craters, the earlier Arecibo observations could be overlaid.

SLIDE SHOW: MESSENGER: First Photos from Mercury Orbit

It turns out that these bright patches appear inside Mercury's shady craters, a potential indicator that water ice is present.

"All radar-bright features near Mercury's north pole are confined to shadowed areas in MDIS images to date, consistent with the water-ice hypothesis," said Johns Hopkins University planetary scientist Nancy Chabot in the conference proceedings (PDF).

But there's a catch. For water ice to remain stable inside these craters, an insulating layer of regolith -- the thin, pulverized rock dust that forms on planetary bodies after eons of meteorite impacts -- needs to blanket the surface, keeping the ice in a frozen state (preventing it from sublimating into space). For the ice to be preserved, around 20-30 centimeters (8-12 inches) of overlaying regolith needs to be present.

NEWS: The Incredible Shrunken Mercury

Should the presence of water inside the shady craters of Mercury's poles be confirmed, many would be surprised. But the discovery of Mercurian H2O, the stuff that supports all life as we know it, will undoubtedly provide important clues as to the ubiquitous nature of water throughout the solar system. Although the question of life doesn't extend to an environment as extreme as Mercury, the source of the water locked in its craters will keep scientist busy for years to come.

Image: Mercury north polar "bright patches" as observed by Arecibo in 1999 (yellow) overlaying the MESSENGER MDIS monochrome map. Credit: Chabot et al., 2012/Johns Hopkins University





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Dehydration As Alibi for Wacky Behavior: DNews Nuggets

Diamond

A Brief History of Dehydration: Invisible Children co-founder Jason Russell has attributed his recent public naked meltdown to "dehydration." Jezebel.com takes a look at the "brief history of celebrities who have claimed to be parched." It seems to have started in the '90s with Michael Jackson.(6:08 p.m.) via Jezebel.

Indoor Ski Bunnies: By 2015, Stockholm, Sweden, may have an indoor ski park. The city, which doesn’t have any snow-capped mountains, does have a ski club. And the members convinced an architectural firm to build an energy-efficient ski park housed inside a structure that’s powered by the sun, wind and water. The park will have a downhill slope as well as a 2.2-mile cross-country ski tunnel and a full-scale biathlon arena. Architects says the park will use 10 million kilowatt-hours of energy per year, which is less than half of what other indoor ski parks use. (3:47 p.m.) via PopSci

Pick Einstein’s Brain: A searchable, annotated archive of Einstein’s papers now exists online. Hebrew University of Jerusalem scanned around 80,000 documents covering science, the Jewish-Arab conflict, personal correspondence and other topics. Some are translated, some are annotated and explained and still others are in the universal language of mathematics. The archive is located at alberteinstein.info. (12:15 p.m.) via Hebrew University of Jerusalem

Read more about this on Discovery News: Albert Einstein, Up Close and Personal

Altitude Sickness? There’s a Pill for That As many hikers know, high altitudes can make you feel ick -- regular fatigue aside. Researchers believe it may be because a lack of oxygen to the brain can cause it to swell with fluids. One solution may be to pop ibuprofen. A clinical study by researchers at Stanford University found that taking the over-the-counter anti-inflammatory reduced altitude sickness symptoms by 26 percent in a study of 58 men and 28 women who slept and then hiked in a high altitude area of the White Mountains, Calif. Other altitude sickness drugs are available, (acetazolamide and dexamethasone to name a couple), but they can have more side effects than popping a couple Advil. (9:15 a.m.) via ABC Science Online

Faked Out: Does this video look too amazing to be true? After an initial holy human-bird-wings batman moment -- Wired took a closer look and grounded this conbird er birdman. (5:40 a.m.) via Wired




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We Are Stardust ... so deal with it.

The ongoing conflict between science and religion fascinates me.?This front in the culture wars came to prominence once again over the last couple of weeks due to, of all things, the country singer Miley Cyrus (previously known as Hanna Montana to a lot of Disney Channel-watching youths). Here she is, in a picture where she looks nothing like her teeny-bopper alter ego, attending the 20th Annual Elton John AIDS Foundation Academy Awards Viewing Party in February 2012.

Miley Cyrus at Elton John AIDS Foundation Academy Awards Viewing Party
Source: Larry Busacca/Getty Images for EJAF

What, you may well ask, does Miley Cyrus have to do with science?

From Dust to Stardust

Well, let's start at the beginning, which was this March 1 tweet, in which Miss Cyrus said the word "Beautiful" along with a link to a graphic showing physicist Lawrence Krauss describing the process of stellar nucleosynthesis, which describes as "the most poetic thing I know about the universe." (Really, I suppose that starting at the "beginning" in this case would be the Big Bang ... but I digress! )

The controversy comes because the quote ends with "So forget Jesus. Stars died so you could live." As a country singer, Cyrus has a lot of Christian fans, and they were upset by this "forget Jesus" part of the quote. There were complaints back and forth on her Twitter feed, some quite civil comments and a few that were unnecessarily rude. Here's an article that covers the controversy.

In fairness to those who objected, only a very small fraction seem to have objected to the overall intent of Krauss' message. This (mostly) wasn't a case of young Earth creationists or Biblical literalists arguing with established scientific fact. Most specifically opposed the "forget Jesus" line.

But a handful did object to the notion that we were made from stardust, which I find interesting. Genesis 3:19 says "for dust you are and to dust you will return." So why not stardust? Let's be clear: the Bible provides no defined mechanism for the creation of heavy elements. So, really, there isn't even a conflict here. The Bible leaves a giant question mark in how elements were formed, so the scientific explanation should be satisfactory, even for Biblical believers.

It seems to me like only the most hardcore of literal readings of Genesis could possibly exclude Krauss' explanation as being basically consistent with the poetic description presented there. Honestly, the Genesis sequence of events is even mostly correct (though the timing is off), scientifically speaking.

Still, we are talking about people who are taking the time to harangue a young country singer for thinking that being made of stardust is beautiful.

I would argue that the only reason anyone couldn't agree with Cyrus' "Beautiful" assessment is because they're so blinded by the "forget Jesus" comment that they can't see the glorious explanation of creation (lowercase c or uppercase) provided by Krauss. Or, honestly, maybe they just didn't understand what he was saying!

Editorial Intent

I have to confess that even I got a mild amount of backlash related to this story. You see, I have this quote on the website, in both our?Lawrence Krauss biographical profile and in the glossary entry for?stellar nucleosynthesis, because I frankly find it one of the greatest quotes I've ever read on the subject.

Actually, I transcribed it directly from a video Krauss speaking on the subject. There are some mild differences between the wording in the Twitter graphic and the one I transcribed, so they may be quoting another one of his written or spoken presentations where Krauss framed the statements slightly differently, but they're extremely similar.

Here's how I framed the quote:

"Every atom in your body came from a star that exploded. And, the atoms in your left hand probably came from a different star than your right hand. It really is the most poetic thing I know about physics: You are all stardust. You couldn't be here if stars hadn't exploded, because the elements - the carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, iron, all the things that matter for evolution and for life - weren't created at the beginning of time. They were created in the nuclear furnaces of stars, and the only way for them to get into your body is if those stars were kind enough to explode.... The stars died so that you could be here today."

You'll notice that my quote does not include the "So forget Jesus" line.?Frankly, the comment seemed a glib, somewhat amusing side-comment which played well in the spoken presentation, but which I felt was distracting in the written quote. When spoken, it serves not so much to diminish Christianity as to highlight the significance of the death of stars. It takes on more significance than it deserves when written into the quote, so I edited it out, because I believed it might turn people off to the science ... which, frankly, seems to have been exactly what happened in the Miley Cyrus situation.

Some people (my mother among them) have questioned whether it's permissible to remove things from quotes, so I guess it's fair to address this. I have two main points on how I justify this:

First, I included ellipses to indicate that text had been removed. Quotes are frequently edited for length and to make the quote more relevant to the subject at hand, especially if they contain asides or other distracting, filler comments. (Arguably I would put the "So forget Jesus" comment in this vein, since it adds nothing of scientific value to the passage.) Ellipses within a quote typically indicate that some text has been removed, so the editing wasn't obfuscated in any way.

Second, the removal of this line in no way altered the overall authorial intent of the original passage. This is the danger of editing a passage. The goal of an honest person is always to use the quote to maintain the author's original message (even if you're quoting with the intent of later refuting the author's message). For example, someone who was intending to manipulate Krauss' passage could have edited it to read: "It is really the most poetic thing I know ... Jesus ... died so you could be here today." This would clearly not have at all followed the author's intent. It would be dishonest and when I do edit quotes, I make every effort to ensure that the quote contains enough information that it's clear what the author is trying to say.

So, to my mother and anyone else, please keep in mind that when you see quotes on here with ellipses (...), it's possible that the quote has been edited to remove text, but never with the intention of obscuring the true intention of the original author. And, in this case, if you want the author's full intent, you can check out his new book, A Universe From Nothing.


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800-Pound Paper Airplane Soars High

Paper-airplane-622

How does one throw an 800-pound paper airplane?

Surely the folks at the Pima Air and Space Museum in Arizona must have asked that question early on when they decided to build a paper airplane with a 45-foot wingspan. The plane was inspired by a smaller craft built earlier in the year by 12-year-old Tucson resident Arturo Valdenegro for an event at the museum.

The answer to the question above is, a helicopter. It towed the paper airplane to an altitude of 2,703 feet and let it go. The plane soared at a speed of 98 miles per hour. What an amazing site that must of been. Onboard cameras captured some of the wonder. Watch below. via MSNBC

Credit: Pima Air and Space Museum


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Book Review: Krauss' A Universe From Nothing

Cover to the book A Universe From Nothing by Lawrence KraussOne of the biggest questions in science has always been how the universe formed. Over the last century, we've made a lot of progress about understanding the way it has developed: The Big Bang Model. With the most sophisticated telescopes ever built, scientists have now made measurements confirming the accuracy of this model within just moments of when the universe began.

Despite all this evidence, the question remains: What actually started the whole process?

Physics actually does have an answer to this question - one which doesn't require the intervention of a creator deity - and in his newest book physicist Lawrence Krauss lays the explanation out in language that is accessible to non-scientists. If this sounds interesting, check out our review of Krauss's A Universe From Nothing.

If you've read the book, then be sure to let us know what you thought of it. Could the laws of quantum physics and relativity have created the universe as we know it? Is God a necessary component of the universe?


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This Kid Built a Nuclear Fusion Reactor

The problem with inspiring stories of young people who accomplish great things is that the stories often make one realize how much of their own youth was wasted. That happened to me this morning, when I watched a new video of a TED talk by 17-year-old Taylor Wilson ... a boy who, at age 14, built his own nuclear fusion reactor in his garage!

Taylor Wilson
Source: TED (used under fair use)

As Wilson explains it, his ambitious project started when he decided at age 10 that he wanted to create his own star. Nuclear fusion is the process that fuels the stars. Within a star, the mass of all the stellar gas creates enough gravitational force to collide together atoms so that the nuclei fuse together. This is the process of stellar nucleosynthesis and generates all of the heat and light that comes from stars.

As impressive as this sounds, Wilson hasn't single-handedly solved America's energy crisis. His nuclear fusion reactor accelerates beams of the element Deuterium so that it collides together. This acceleration takes energy and, unfortunately, it takes more energy than what is generated by the fusion process.

Still, I think that is overall a fairly minor failure, given that the professionals are running into the exact same problems in designing a nuclear fusion reactor that generates more energy than it takes. But Wilson hasn't let that slow him down, as he's continued inventing and has even designed equipment for the Department of Homeland Security.

Whether you're looking for a dose of inspiration or humility, watching the Taylor Wilson video will fit the bill.

Related Articles:


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MAD Magazine Flashback: The Energy Crisis

EnergyThis is Chapter 2 of "MAD Magazine Flashback," a series that looks at MAD Magazine from 1974, No. #171. In it is the "The MAD Crisis Primer," a look at the state of the States 38 years ago. Last week, I covered The Ecology Crisis. This week, it's "The Energy Crisis."

Chapter 2: The Energy Crisis

In order to solve the Energy Crisis
The Government postpones Auto Emission Controls
And removes the ban on burning high sulfur fuels.
Bye-bye Ecology Crisis! Hello, Energy Crisis!
To save energy, we must turn down our heaters
And keep our homes no higher than 68 degrees in Winter.
To save energy, we must turn up our air conditioners
And keep our homes no lower than 72 degrees in Summer.
Maybe we should use our heaters in Summer
And our air conditioners in Winter.
68 degrees is deliciously cool in Summer
And 72 degrees is toasty warm in Winter.

There are many plans for developing more energy,
Like using wind power, or sun power,
Or even extracting oil from compressed animal droppings.
If that works, just imagine the mobs of people
Who'll be standing around Congress with shovels.

I don't know about you, but I rememember The Energy Crisis clearly, and in fact still turn off the lights when I leave the room and keep the house at 72 in winter and 78-80 in summer. How about you? Do you remember this? Has much changed? Please leave your impressions in the comments section below.

Next up from the MAD Magazine Crisis Primer will be "The Gasoline Crisis."

Cartoon: From MAD Magazine No. 171 © E.C. Publications, Inc.  Used with Permission.
“The Crises Primer” written by Stan Hart. Art by Paul Coker, Jr., Madmagazine.com


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Happy Water Day, World!

WaterDropSuarez

A huge amount of water goes into the food we eat, much more than most people think. Indeed, it takes a thousand times more water to feed the human population than it does to satisfy its thirst.

This remarkable relationship between water and food security is exactly what the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization wants us all to contemplate today, World Water Day 2012.

Since the first of these annual campaigns, in 1993, World Water Day has been organized around a theme. The focus last year was “Water for Cities.” In 1995, it was “Women and Water.” This year, organizers are reminding us all that water conservation is one good reason to eat lower on the food chain:

It takes about 1,500 liters of water to produce 1 kilogram of wheat; producing the same amount of beef takes 15,000 liters.

The FAO warns that feeding the 9 billion people expected to populate the planet by 2050 simply won’t be possible unless we figure out how to grow more food with less water. Already 70 percent of fresh water collected for human consumption is put toward irrigation. If more of those irrigated crops fed people rather than cattle, we would be headed in a step in the right direction. But it’s going to take smarter application of water as well.

PHOTOS: Flood Waters Along the Mississippi River

ANALYSIS: To Eat or To Grow Biofuel: That Is the Question

Just in case you need yet another example of how tightly our food and water security are intertwined, recall that drought is still the No. 1 cause of severe food shortages in developing countries. Climate change is no doubt going to exacerbate that problem in at least some parts of the world.

“Severe reductions in river runoff and aquifer recharge are expected in the Mediterranean Basin and in the semi-arid areas of the Americas, Australia, and Southern Africa, affecting water availability and quality in already stressed regions,” the FAO reports.

Not all the news on this World Water Day is gloom and doom. A report released earlier this month revealed that more than 2 billion people gained access to improved drinking-water sources between 1990 and 2010.

ANALYSIS: Clean Water Is the New Green Collar Job

Photo: Water droplet. Credit: JosƩ Manual SuƔrez via Wikimedia Commons.




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Sunday, 25 March 2012

Dad Builds TIE Fighter for Son

Tie-fighter-622

Attention all fathers: Sorry to crush your dreams, but if you harbored any hope of winning Dad Of The Year, you can stop. Voting is closed.

BLOG: Robotic Cheetah Breaks Land Speed Record

The numbers are officially in. The title of Father Of The Year goes to this Olympia Washington man named Dave who helped his son build a 1/3-scale replica TIE Fighter. Still living under a rock and don't know what a TIE Fighter is? Here's a friendly reminder from a long time ago in galaxy far, far away.

"Well built out of 3/4 plywood with the wings sheeted in cardboard," Dave's Craigslist ad explained. "Tested to hold over 300 pounds. Cockpit is 38 inches by 38 inches and my 5ft tall son comfortably sits inside."

Dave added: 

All the edges to the body panels are 22.5 degrees. The main panels are 16x24, the front and rear panels off those are 16x12, all ¾ birch plywood. The wing struts are boxed 8 inches wide, ¾ plywood, 30 inches long. They are attached with Simpson 90 degree gussets and re-enforced with 2x2s. The lower half of the wings are 2x4 sheeted in cardboard. The upper half are 1x2 sheeted in cardboard. The wing to strut connection is a compression fitting design.

And if that weren't enough, two years ago, Dave and his son built my personal favorite, an X-Wing Fighter. To boot, this guy also used this father/son moment to teach his kid the Pythagorean Theorem so he could then teach his younger siblings. For Pete's sake, in my opinion, this guy wins Dad Of The Decade.

BLOG: Warped Imaginations: Star Wars Fans Want A NASA Hyperdrive

One of my best friends lives in Olympia, Wash., so Dave, if I ever make it out there for a visit, like, wanna hang out? What say you, me and the family make a Speeder Bike from Return Of The Jedi. via Geekwire

Credit: Dave, Dad Of The Year



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Find a Great Parking Spot, Avoid a Ticket

Autodefender


AutoDefender: $1.99

Seattle Android users might be able to save themselves some parking troubles with a new app designed to make finding a good spot easier. AutoDefender isn’t just another parking spot finder, it also assesses the quality of where you leave your car.

BLOG: Women Better at Parking Cars

It does this by first using GPS to find your geographic location, and then pulling information from the Internet related to neighborhood crime rates, parking rules and ticket prices and weather patterns. A neat timer on the easy-to-use interface also lets users know when their meter is about to run out.

The creator of the app, Erik Chelstad, came up with the idea after seeing many of the customers from the Flying Apron -- the bakery/coffee shop he co-owns -- run out to their cars to avoid tickets. Chelstad, who is also president of software company Mossy Side, has plans for an iPhone version as well as expanding the service to include other cities.

Credit: MossySide





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Friday, 23 March 2012

Huge 'UFO Fragment' Discovered in Siberia

The object is cylindrical and capped on one end by a ridged dome. The Russian space agency said the object is "not related to space technology."

A metal object the size of a Volkswagen Beetle has been discovered near a remote village in Siberia. Local residents presumed it recently fell to Earth from space, but officials from Russia's space agency examined the object and said it "is not related to space technology."

NEWS: Secret FBI File Exposes Roswell UFO -- Or Not?

Locals discovered the roughly 200-kilogram (440 pounds) object, which is cylindrical and capped on one end by a ridged dome, March 18 in the forest near the village of Otradnesnky. They attached the "UFO fragment" (as media outlets have called it) to a trailer and dragged it through the snow to their village. They then alerted Moscow authorities, according to a report in Britain's The Telegraph, and the object was confiscated for inspection.

Following the initial examination, an official for Roscosmos, the Russian space agency, reportedly said: "The object found is not related to space technology. A final conclusion can be made after a detailed study of the object by experts."

Part of the fragment is made of titanium, according to district officials. Additional tests showed it was not radioactive.

Nick Johnson, head of NASA's orbital debris office, said there isn't sufficient information about the object for him to make a full assessment, but it doesn't appear to be part of a spacecraft. 

NEWS: NASA Debunks Mysterious Triangular UFO

"The object almost certainly is not related to a spacecraft," Johnson told Life's Little Mysteries. "It also does not look like part of a launch vehicle which has fallen from orbit.  However, we cannot be definitive in our judgment without better photos and other data. For example, the date the object fell is vitally important, but I did not see reference to it."

It is also unclear whether the object really did fall from space or got lost in the woods by some other route.

More From Life's Little Mysteries

7 Things Most Often Mistaken for UFOs

What Are the Odds You'll Get Struck by Falling Space Junk?

When Space Attacks: The 6 Craziest Meteor Impacts

Copyright 2012 Lifes Little Mysteries, a TechMediaNetwork company. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.

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Battery Made From Boozy Byproducts

Black_liquor

Besides the smell, paper production creates a byproduct called "brown liquor." Although this thick substance is often reused by mills as a fuel source, Swedish electronics experts recently used it to create a new inexpensive battery cathode they say is a better alternative to precious or rare metals.

Most cathodes are made from metals, including rare ones, that drive up the cost for the whole battery. If we want more solar and wind power, we need a cheaper and more environmentally sound way to store it. Olle Inganas, a biomolecular and organics professor from Linkoping University, along with Polish researcher Grzegorz Milczarek of Poznan University of Technology, think they have a solution.

BIG PIC: Wind Power Without the Blades

"Nature solved the problem long ago, Inganas said in a university article about the cathode.

The researchers say they were inspired by the way chemically active molecules called "quinones" transport electrons during photosynthesis. They settled on starting with brown liquor because it contains lignins rich in organic compounds that can be converted to quinones.

To create their cathode, Inganas and Milczarek took lignin derivatives from the brown liquor and combined them with a conductive polymer called "polypyrrole." Together, the materials make for a cathode that's both conductive and can hold a charge. Their paper was published today in the journal Science.

NEWS: Tiny, Lorax-Like Trees Harvest Sun's Energy

The new cathode does have disadvantages, though. The most significant is that the battery slowly releases its charge when idle, losing it all within hours. The researchers did find that lignin derivatives performed differently depending on how they were produced. Now the plan is to work on optimizing the batteries by trying out different derivatives.

If -- and it's a big "if" -- they succeed, brown liquor could very well turn into battery gold.

Photo: Brown liquor waste from paper pulping. Credit: Keith Weller, USDA Agricultural Research Service.




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Aliens on Planet With Two Suns Need Rhythm

Double-sun

Despite all the exotic exoplanetary systems discovered so far, the one potential system that has the power to truly galvanize astronomers as well as the public is Alpha Centauri A and B.

The star system lies a mere 4.3 light years away, but unfortunately it is only clearly visible from southern skies. The third member of the system, a red dwarf star called Proxima Centauri, yields no evidence for planets and is so far from the binary pair as to be inconsequential.

No planets have yet been discovered orbiting A and B either, but given the preponderance of planets everywhere else we look in our galaxy, it would be a much bigger shock if planets weren't found in the Centauri system after detailed surveys.

ANALYSIS: Do Aliens Go Invisible by 'Going Green'?

The stars are prime targets because they are similar to our sun in terms of age and temperature. There has been plenty of time for Darwinian evolution to yield an extraterrestrial Serengeti of creatures on any planets lying in the habitable zones around either star.

Several models have shown that both stars, separated by as far as two billion miles, are capable of forming terrestrial planets despite the perturbing influence of their binary companion. In fact, having a companion star can be a gravitationally stabilizing influence, like massive Jupiter is in our solar system.

Duncan Forgan of the Scottish Universities Physics Alliance at the University of Edinburgh and colleagues, have taken a closer look at habitability around the cooler and less active member of the pair, Alpha Centauri B. That star has a wide habitable zone stretching the equivalent of the distance from just inside the radius of Venus' orbit to the nearly the radius of Earth's orbit.

Forgan’s study take into account the fact the Alpha Centauri A would also heat a planet in Alpha Centauri B's habitable zone. Alpha Centauri A is in an elliptical orbit around Alpha Centauri B. This means that when it comes closest to B's habitable zone the star would quickly appear to grow three times brighter than when farthest away. This mean a frozen Mars-like planet on the edge of the habitable zone might be periodically thawed out.

NEWS: Weird Exoplanet Discovered Orbiting Two Stars

Eso0307a

An ocean planet like Earth inside the habitable zone would have more thermal inertial to maintain a steady temperature despite the warming effect of Alpha Centauri A's close approach. But arid planets would experience a wider temperature swing. In any event the warming would be brief but intense, raising planet-wide temperature by a few degrees.

This would happen every 70 years, which is the period of A's orbit. Sleep specialist Michael Breus' research implies that life on such a planet might develop two circadian rhythms corresponding to both the length of day on the planet, and Alpha Centauri A's orbital period. This would alter the available habitable areas on the planet's surface by a few percent, say the researchers.

NEWS: What's Taking E.T. So Long to Find Us?

Given the awesome power of biological evolution, it's likely life would easily evolve to cope with living with a second star. There may be planet-wide migrations with anticipation of the approaching "super-summer." And there would be a variety of other novel coping mechanisms.

Intelligent life on such a planet would note Alpha Centuri B's passage in front of the A star every 70 years. This might be a culturally profound event leading to a Times Square-like News Year's celebration. Or, maybe it would be a period of fear and atonement, depending on the culture's level of science literacy.

If the aliens think like us, no doubt they would have soothsayers predicting the "End of Times" with the approaching transit. Pseudoscience books would be a big business and perennial for the Beta Centaurians. Come to think of it, such books are in our culture despite the fact we don't have such interplanetary melodrama.

Image credits: NASA, ESO





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Black Hole Punch Can Launch a Planet

Runaway-planet

Punched by the gravitational fist of Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), the location of the supermassive black hole that lives at the center of our galaxy, a planet could be hurled through space at speeds of up to 30 million miles per hour (48 million kilometers per hour), the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics and Dartmouth College report this week.

"These warp-speed planets would be some of the fastest objects in our galaxy. If you lived on one of them, you'd be in for a wild ride," Harvard-Smithsonian's Avi Loeb said in a press release about the research.

The only known objects that move faster than these planets are subatomic particles, added Dartmouth's Idan Ginsburg.

ANALYSIS: The Great Escape: Intergalactic Travel is Possible

Scientists got to thinking about runaway planets after colleagues discovered a star launching out of the Milky Way at 1.5 million miles per hour (2.4 million kilometers per hour).

Simulations showed the star -- known as a hypervelocity star -- must have been part of a double-star system that ended up in the wrong part of the Milky Way.

"A double-star system wanders too close to the supermassive black hole at the galactic center. Strong gravitational forces rip the stars from each other, sending one away at high speed while the other is captured into orbit around the black hole," writes Christine Pulliam, spokeswoman for the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics.

Turns out the same thing can happen to planets. Ginsburg, Loeb and Darthmouth’s Gary Wegner created computer models showing what would happen if each star had a planet or two orbiting nearby.

ANALYSIS: Hubble Spies Trailblazing Star Ripped from Stellar Nursery

"They found that the star ejected outward could carry its planets along for the ride. The second star, as it's captured by the black hole, could have its planets torn away and flung into the icy blackness of interstellar space at tremendous speeds," Pulliam wrote.

A typical hypervelocity planet would slingshot outward at 7 to 10 million miles per hour, she added, noting that "a small fraction of them could gain much higher speeds under ideal conditions."

Because any tag-along planets would have to be in tight orbits around their parent stars, astronomers may be able to detect them by looking for a hypervelocity star that dims slightly as its planet passes across its face, relative to the view from Earth.

The research will be published in an upcoming edition of the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.

Image: Artist rendering of a runaway planet zooming  through interstellar space.  That's a glowing volcano on the planet’s surface, a hint of  active plate tectonics to keep the planet warm. Credit: David A. Aguilar/CfA





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What's In My Mouth?: DNews Nuggets

Nuggets

What's In My Mouth?: What do you get when you have a phone camera, dental surgery and large amounts of drugs? A video like this: Daughter: "What's in my mouth?" Mom: "Gauze." Daughter: "What?" Mom: "Don't touch it!" Daughter: "Okay... What's in my mouth?" REPEAT. This poor girl might become famous with no recollection of how it happened. (6:00 p.m.) via Tumblr

Atheists To Rally: American atheists are sick and tired and aren't going to take it anymore! That's the message that up to 20,000 of them intend to bring to the National Mall in Washington, D.C., tomorrow. “We are the last group against whom it is politically correct to be bigoted,” said David Silverman, president of the American Atheists, in The Washington Post. “That is something that needs to change and I am very confident that we will within 20 years.” The event might be curtailed by powers above, though: Thundershowers are predicted for Saturday, which could shrink the crowd to only 5,000. (4:04 p.m.) via WashingtonPost.com

BigbangBig Bang: In the Chilean Atacama Desert today, a "boom" echoed through the mountains. No, it wasn't an earthquake, it was an explosion near the Las Campanas Observatory to make way for the Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT). A screengrab of the blast from the live-streaming video is pictured right. This detonation marks the beginning of site preparation for the world's largest 'scope that is expected to be completed in 2018. (1:40 p.m.) via PhysOrg.com

Music Prevents Organ Rejection: Music has a calming effect and can reduce stress. Now researchers in Japan have found that music can reduce the rejection of heart transplants. The team, which published their results in the Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery, found that opera and classical music increased the time before a transplanted organ failed in mice. The single frequency monotones of new age music did not do as well. (12:35 p.m.) via Eurekalert

The Doctor Is In: Announced today, the White House nominee to lead the World Bank is Dartmouth president Dr. Jim Yong Kim, a former director of the Department of H.I.V./AIDS at the World Health Organization. Trained as both an anthropologist and physician, Dr. Kim is also the co-founder of Partners in Health, a nonprofit that provides health care for the poor, reported the New York Times. “The leader of the World Bank should have a deep understanding of both the role that development plays in the world and the importance of creating conditions where assistance is no longer needed,” President Obama said Friday. “It’s time for a development professional to lead the world’s largest development agency.” (11:15 a.m.) via The New York Times

The Golden Apple: Apple has a lot of cash on hand, and we humans love to get together and compare sizes of our endowments. ThingsAppleisWorthMoreThan is a tumblr blog showcasing exactly what it says: who is bigger (or littler). If you thought the U.S. Government had access to a bit ‘o cash money, check this out: Apple is worth more than the entire U.S. highway system, or all our aircraft carriers -- depending on how long your measuring tape is. (11:04 a.m.) via ThingsAppleisWorthMoreThan

Photo: Cheese nuggets on tray; Credit: Corbis




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Do Neighborhood Watch Groups Work?

Martinblog
President Barack Obama said this morning that if he had a son, he'd look like the 17-year-old Florida shooting victim Trayvon Martin. Martin died Feb. 26  after he was shot by a neighborhood watch volunteer in Sanford, Fla., police say. Martin was unarmed.

Obama's statement highlights the questions the shooting has raised throughout the country. Among them: Are neighborhood watch groups effective?

An Associated Press article cites a 2008 Justice Department review that offers this: there is “some evidence that Neighborhood Watch can be effective in reducing crime,” but said that while some programs work as intended, others work less well or not at all.

“Most neighborhood watches don’t last very long. They usually galvanize themselves around an incident, or a series of similar incidents, and then the momentum dies out relatively quickly. That’s why it’s not really an effective crime prevention strategy on a wide scale,” Kenneth J. Novak, a criminal justice professor at the University of Missouri-Kansas City, told The A.P.

PHOTOS: Where Gun Laws Are Most Lenient

One city seems to have gotten it right, however: The A.P. reports that Allentown, Penn., has had a steady system of watch groups since the mid-1970s, and never had a negative incident.

One thing is clear: neighborhood watch groups should not carry weapons, experts say.

"It was designed to be an extra set of eyes for the police because they cannot be everywhere all the time. But actually acting on it with vigilantism is completely askew to what the idea of neighborhood watch is,” Novak said.

BLOG: Mini DVR Protects Your Car, Day and Night

A 2009 study examined the effects of Neighborhood Watch signs in communities. The researchers found that the signs may actually have a negative effect by suggesting that crime is a common occurrence in the area.

"The traditional Neighborhood Watch signs can result in increases in fear of crime and victimization," the authors, P. Wesley Schultz and Jennifer J. Tobanico, wrote. "Results revealed that traditional Neighborhood Watch signs, particularly those that were defaced, led to increased perceptions of crime and victimization."

For example, when a watch sign contains a high crime message, the perception is that there is a lower level of community safety and quality of life. And when signs are defaced or show signs of age, the perception of increased crime is greater.

“We tell them that we are the police, that if you see a crime in progress, get on the phone and call 911. We’ll be there promptly, and let us handle the dangerous side of it,” Assistant Police Chief Joe Hanna told The AP “The last thing we want is for them to put themselves in harm’s way or hurt someone else."

Photo: Protesters demonstrate at a rally for slain teenager Trayvon Martin on March 22, 2012 in Sanford, Florida. Credit: Getty



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TWiDN: Searching for Earhart, Gym Orgasms and UFOs

This Week in Discovery News we recap the top stories of the week as chosen by our readers. In this episode, reopen the search for Amelia Earhart's airplane, learn about women's orgasms at the gym and follow an Austrian farmer who may have a UFO buried in his field.

Our stories are selected by YOU the reader. To get your favorite story on the show leave comments, tweet and read all you can!

STORY LINKS:
Search for Amelia Earhart Starts Again

No Sex Required: Women Have Orgasms at the Gym

Man Looking for Cat Finds Buried 'UFO'

MORE DISCOVERY NEWS VIDEO
http://discoverynewsvideo.com

CONNECT WITH DISCOVERY NEWS:
Follow us on Twitter @Discovery_News
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Thanks for watching "This Week in Discovery News." See you next time!


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Saturday, 17 March 2012

New iPad Vs. iPad 2 Vs. iPad 1: Network Speed Test [Video]

new iPad

Apple's new iPad, which went on sale yesterday comes with a number of new features and improvements such as the stunning Retina Display, Apple's new A5X chip with quad-core graphics, vastly improved 5 megapixel iSight camera, and 1GB RAM (double the RAM of iPad 2).

But  most notably support for 4G LTE networks. Early iPad reviews had indicated that it’s fast. Really fast. Faster-than-my-WiFi fast.

Folks at iClarified have just published a comparison video of the new iPad (3rd generation iPad) with iPad 2 and the original iPad (iPad 1).

The original iPad featured EDGE + Triband HSPA connectivity. The second generation iPad was then released with Edge + Quadband HSPA. Now the new iPad 3 features 4G LTE; UMTS/HSPA/HSPA+/DC-HSDPA; GSM/EDGE.

That is indeed very fast, but the only downside, it's now going to take us a lot less time to burn through the data limits, which are the same as the data limits available with the 3G plans.

And unfortunately, not all new iPad customers will be able to enjoy 4G LTE speeds as the new iPad is not compatible with 4G LTE networks outside U.S. and Canada.


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New iPad Untethered Jailbreak Demoed [Video]

Stefan Esser a.k.a i0n1c - iOS hacking expert who had revealed yesterday that it was possible to jailbreak iOS 5.1 has just published a video of a jailbroken 3rd generation iPad.

While iPhone Dev Team hasn't confirmed whether their jailbreak is tethered or untethered, i0n1c has confirmed that his method can perform an untethered jailbreak on the new iPad running iOS 5.1, which means you don't need to worry about connecting your new iPad to the computer on every reboot.

He confirmed this in a series of tweets and the video:

So Musclenerd showed pics of jailbroken ipad3 already.guess i have to show video of untethered ipad3 then...

Okay my iPad3,3 is now untethered jailbroken...

Untethered Jailbreak 5.1 / iPad 3,3 / The new iPad

Screenshot from the video showing Cydia running on the new iPad (iPad3,3)

Esser seems to have used a different method to jailbreak the new iPad compared to the iPhone Dev team. We're assuming that the untethered iOS 5.1 jailbreak will work on iPhone 4S and iPad 2 as well. Esser hasn't provided any ETA on when he plans to release the untethered jailbreak for iOS 5.1.

Esser was credited for the untethered jailbreak for iOS 4.3.x and had given a presentation on iOS jailbreak techniques at Black Hat 2011 in Las Vegas last year.

We'll let you know as soon as we've any further updates, so stay tuned at iPhone Hacks or join our Facebook Fan page or follow us on Twitter or add us on Google+ or subscribe to our RSS feed.

Categories : iOS 5.1, iPad 2, 2nd Generation iPad, iPad 3, 3rd Generation iPad, iPad News, Jailbreak iOS 5.1, iOS 5.0.1, iOS 5, Jailbreak iPad, Jailbreak iPad 2, Jailbreak iPhone 4S


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A “Brutally Honest” Review of The New iPad

After several months of rumors and speculations, Apple's new iPad is finally here. It comes with a number of new features and improvements such as the stunning Retina Display, A5X chip with quad-core graphics, vastly improved 5-megapixel iSight camera, 1GB RAM and supports faster 4G LTE networks.

You have probably read the new iPad reviews from the experts, which have generally been quite positive.

Folks at Funny or Die have come out with their review of the new iPad, it's hilarious and "brutally honest". If you're a die hard Apple fan, they you may want to skip it.

Check out the video below:

[via Gizmodo]

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New Verizon iPad Works On AT&T’s 3G Network

While AT&T and Verizon 4G iPad models are different, both of them can fallback on 3G to remain compatible on GSM networks all over the world. This led many to speculate, whether Verizon would allow their iPad models to work on AT&T's 3G network.

A MacRumors forum poster, jsnuff, confirmed that an AT&T micro-SIM indeed works as expected with the new iPad, running on HSPA+, which AT&T calls "4G." So just like the AT&T iPhone 4S on iOS 5.1, jsnuff's iPad shows a "4G" indicator, as can be seen in the video embedded below. (When in true LTE coverage areas, the new iPad shows an "LTE" indicator in the status bar.)

AT&T 3G on a Verizon iPad

Unlike the iPhone 4S, which is also theoretically capable of running on any standard GSM network, the iPad comes unlocked right out of the box, which is why it's able to run on AT&T's network without any baseband tinkering.

It's important to note, that you do have to change your APN settings before you start surfing. You could do this, by either installing the iPhone Configuration Utility, or by simply heading to http://www.unlockit.co.nz, choosing AT&T as your carrier and downloading a configuration profile.

This should come in handy if you end up in an area where Verizon has poor network coverage, it gives you the flexibility to swap in an AT&T micro-SIM.


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Interview: Steve Wozniak Waiting in Line For The New iPad [Video]

new iPad

Steve Wozniak - co-founder of Apple was also waiting in the line for the new iPad since noon yesterday, just like everyone else around the world. He checked in on Foursquare at the Westfield Mall in Century City, California.

As we all know he loves to start a line for new Apple products, this time though he was second in line, beaten to the front by his wife (Well played Woz!).

What's Trending used the opportunity to interview him where he shared his thoughts about the new iPad, his tradition of waiting in the line at Apple stores, how his life has been driven by apps ever since the App Store was launched, on the legacy and growth of Apple continuing after Steve Jobs death and lots more. It's always great to hear from Woz.


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New iPad Already Jailbroken

That was quick! It has hardly been a few hours since the third generation iPad has gone on sale and Dev Team has tweeted the good news that they've successfully jailbroken the new iPad.

Dev Team had given some bit of good news earlier today when they revealed that they had three angels to work on a jailbreak for the new iPad (or iPad3 as they prefer to call it).

MuscleNerd of the iPhone Dev team has just tweeted:

jailbroken iPad3: http://twitpic.com/8x48rt http://twitpic.com/8x48xg (Just a first step, still lots of work to do! No ETA!)

MuscleNerd hasn't provided any further information, so it is not clear whether the jailbreak is untethered or if the jailbreak will work with iPad 2 and iPhone 4S. But as he has pointed out there is still lots of work to do, so don't expect the jailbreak tools to be released anytime soon.

Screenshot of Cydia running iOS 5.1

We'll let you know as soon as we've any further updates, so stay tuned at iPhone Hacks or join our Facebook Fan page or follow us on Twitter or add us on Google+ or subscribe to our RSS feed.


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iPad 2 Cases Will Most Likely Fit The New iPad

While we know that the iPad 2 Smart Cover fits the new iPad, there have been some questions raised whether all the iPad 2 cases will fit the new iPad even though it is quite similar.

There have been some doubts about other iPad cases as the new iPad is slightly thicker and has a more tapered back casing than the iPad 2.

The iPad Smart Cover page on Apple's website clearly states that it is compatible with iPad 2nd generation and iPad 3rd Generation. While we also expected iPad sleeve cases to fit just fine, we were not quite sure if all the iPad 2 hard cases and skins that wrap around the back casing will fit the new iPad.

Cult of Mac reports that they've tried quite a few iPad 2 cases and all of them fit the new iPad, even the back cover cases and thats what they were told by Apple retail store employees as well.

We get sent a lot of cases here at Cult of Mac, so the first thing we did when we brought our new iPad home was start trying to see which iPad 2 cases still fit.

The answer? All of them. Not only folio and sleeve cases, but even back cover cases, which fit the iPad 2 as tight as a glove. Every single iPad 2 case we tried on our new iPad fit just fine.

Don’t want to take our word for it? When we were at the Apple Store this morning, all of the Apple employees on hand were telling new iPad customers that all iPad 2 cases fit the new iPad. Every single one of them.

Artem - one of our readers sent us an email to tell us that his iPad 2 case fits his shiny new iPad (Thanks Artem!).

We are still a little skeptical whether all iPad 2 cases will fit (due to slight increase in thickness). If you've been one of the lucky ones to get your hands on the new iPad, do let us know in the comments if your iPad 2 case work well with it.


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Apple A5X Vs NVIDIA Tegra 3: Graphics Performance Test

At the iPad media event last week, senior VP of worldwide marketing Phil Schiller claimed that the Apple's new A5X chip with quad-core graphics, which powers the new iPad offers 4 times the graphics performance of NVIDIA's 12-graphic-core Tegra 3 - the benchmark processor for Android-based tablets.

NVIDIA was quite skeptical about Apple's claim, they immediately issued the following statement at that time:

"We don't have the benchmark information. We have to understand what the application was that was used. Was it one or a variety of applications? What drivers were used? There are so many issues to get into with benchmark."

Australian Tech blogger - Richie didn't believe it either, he put Apple's claim to test in a side-by-side video comparison of the new iPad, which went on sale yesterday and Tegra 3 powered ASUS Transformer Prime.

You can check out the results in the video below:

[via TUAW]

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New iPad (3rd Generation) Jailbroken Using Third Method

This may sound crazy but the jailbreak community now has three methods to jailbreak the new iPad on iOS 5.1.

The first one was revealed by the iPhone Dev team (they probably would have set a Guinness world record if there was one for the fastest jailbreak for an iOS device), ic0n1c quickly followed it up by releasing a video demoing of his  untethered jailbreak for the new iPad.

Grant Paul a.k.a chpwn has revealed that he and phoenixdev have also successfully jailbroken the third generation iPad using a different method.

chpwn tweeted:

Jailbroken iPad (3), using a different method by myself and @phoenixdev: http://db.tt/mqIZmw96 http://db.tt/g2UlawxV http://db.tt/V9a3YZRJ

And here are the screenshots of Cydia running on the new iPad:

MuscleNerd of the iPhone Dev team has confirmed that i0nic and chpwn + phoenixdev have used different methods to jailbreak the new iPad (iPad3,3).

Now that we've three jailbreak methods, it remains to be seen if the jailbreak community will work together to use just one of the methods to release the jailbreak to the public or try to be the first to release the jailbreak.

We'll let you know as soon as we've any further updates, so stay tuned at iPhone Hacks or join our Facebook Fan page or follow us on Twitter or add us on Google+ or subscribe to our RSS feed.


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